Research and Analysis on the development process a

Research and Analysis on the development process and industrial chain of China's environmental protection industry

at present, when China's economic development has entered the new normal, the growth of many traditional industries has slowed down, and some industries have overcapacity, while the development speed of energy conservation and environmental protection industries has increased instead of decreasing. Energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon reduction indicators have become a target and hard task for governments at all levels, especially provincial governments, And become an important part of promoting supply side structural reform. With the top-level design of the national "green development", the promotion and implementation of the ten atmosphere and ten water regulations, and the upcoming introduction of the ten soil regulations, a large number of enterprises and funds have poured into the environmental protection market. The environmental protection industry may usher in a "golden period" of development, which is giving birth to a huge energy-saving and environmental protection market of about 10 trillion

Zhijin Research Institute has conducted a comprehensive investigation and Analysis on the environmental protection industry. This paper explains the comprehensive situation of the environmental protection industry from the perspective of the environmental protection industry chain and the industry development process

1 definition of environmental protection industry

1.1 industry concept

environmental protection industry refers to the general term of technical product development, commercial circulation, resource utilization, information service, project contracting and other activities in the national economic structure for the purpose of preventing and controlling environmental pollution, improving the ecological environment, and protecting natural resources. The environmental protection industry involves energy-saving and environmental protection technology and equipment, products and services. It has a long industrial chain, a large degree of relevance, strong ability to absorb employment, and plays an obvious role in stimulating economic growth

in a narrow sense, the environmental protection industry refers to the industry that provides equipment and services in environmental pollution control and pollutant emission reduction, cleaning and waste disposal. It is relative to the "end treatment" of the "three wastes" (wastewater, exhaust gas and solid waste) discharged in the production process. At present, this is the core content of the environmental protection industry. Broadly speaking, the environmental protection industry not only covers the narrow content, but also includes cleaner production technology and cleaner products in the production process

1.2 industry segmentation

after 30 years of development, China's environmental protection industry has become a comprehensive industry covering environmental protection equipment manufacturing, environmental protection engineering, environmental protection services, comprehensive utilization of resources and other fields. The main subdivisions of the environmental protection industry include air pollution, water protection, wall insulation materials from ablation, burn through and solid waste treatment

the construction of environmental protection industry can be divided into four parts, namely, solid waste treatment, water treatment, air treatment and environmental monitoring

chart: specific project direction of environmental protection industry construction

2 composition of environmental protection industry chain

2.1 environmental protection industry chain

is upstream of environmental protection industry chain, that is, environmental protection R & D and manufacturing industry. Research and development are mainly universities, scientific research institutions and enterprise laboratories. The environmental protection manufacturing industry is dominated by small and medium-sized economic units. At present, there is little difference in the nature, structure, function and other aspects of environmental protection products. The market competition is relatively fierce, and enterprises compete around price, product and service quality

in the midstream of the environmental protection industry, it is mainly environmental protection engineering. In the market, the main form is project or engineering subcontracting, and some third-party service institutions participate in it

chart: composition of environmental protection industry chain - Construction of environmental protection projects

in the downstream of the environmental protection industry, it is basically an operation stage. Users are mainly public institutions and owners. It is a market with the monopoly power of both buyers and sellers, that is, both buyers and sellers have chips to put pressure on each other. For downstream sellers, the key to the core competitiveness of enterprises lies in their integration ability, which includes not only the integration of upstream suppliers, but also the integration of products, projects, markets, funds, technology and other elements

in the field of water pollution prevention and control, at present, the operating rate of water pollution prevention and control plan projects in national key river basins has significantly increased, and the progress of urban sewage treatment plant construction projects has accelerated. In terms of water treatment technology and equipment, the combination of biological method and physicochemical method, and the combination of anaerobic process and aerobic process in biological method are the development trend of industrial wastewater treatment. Wastewater advanced treatment technology has become an active field of water treatment technology, and urban sewage treatment equipment has developed to large-scale equipment

sewage treatment and solid waste treatment are the subdivisions with the most investment value in the environmental protection industry. The larger part of the profit space of industrial sewage treatment is in the upstream of the industrial chain, domestic sewage treatment is in the downstream, and solid waste treatment has a larger profit space in the whole industrial chain

2.2 environmental protection industry value chain analysis

according to the environmental protection industry value chain, the current value-added of the environmental protection industry is mainly reflected in innovative research and development and the manufacturing of key equipment and agents. In terms of engineering installation, environmental protection enterprises basically provide free services. Subsequent maintenance and other services are basically free, and only some parts need to be replaced at a little cost, creating little value. If the enterprise belongs to engineering operation, such as the operation of sewage treatment plant, the subsequent income is relatively stable

Chart: environmental protection industry value chain

overall, the current profit model of domestic environmental protection enterprises is relatively simple, mainly through the sale of products and the operation of environmental protection infrastructure

3 development history of environmental protection industry

3.1 development history

environmental protection industry is an industry that provides environmental products and services for social production and life, and provides material basis and technical guarantee for pollution prevention, ecological environment improvement and resource protection. With the sustained and rapid development of China's economy and the accelerating process of urbanization and industrialization, the state has paid more and more attention to the development of environmental protection industry. Especially since the reform and opening up, each Five-Year Plan (plan) has clear objectives and contents for the development of environmental protection and environmental protection industry. The newly launched national "13th five year plan" has a special chapter to plan the development of green environmental protection industry

China's environmental protection industry began in the early 1970s and has entered a rapid development stage. The overall scale has expanded rapidly, the industrial field has been expanding, the industrial structure has been gradually adjusted, and the industrial level has been significantly improved. It has gradually become a new pillar industry of the national economy. However, the current development of environmental protection industry also has many problems, such as imperfect technological innovation system, insufficient investment in technological development monitoring system, nonstandard market, imperfect laws and regulations, limited incentives of fiscal and tax preferential policies, and great difficulty in enterprise financing

3.2 development stage

the development of China's environmental protection industry has mainly experienced the following four stages:

embryonic stage: from the middle of the 1960s to 1973, in the middle and late 1960s, China set up a "three wastes" treatment office in Northern heavy industrial cities and carried out the work of "three wastes treatment". During this period, it focused on key industrial fields, mainly introduced foreign environmental protection equipment, and carried out small batch trial production. There was no concept of environmental protection, and the environmental protection industry naturally did not exist. Nevertheless, environmental protection equipment objectively exists in the production process and indeed plays a role in the treatment of "three wastes"

stage characteristics: the development of pollution control equipment has begun, and the environmental protection industry is still in the process of gestation

preliminary development stage: in 1973, the first national environmental conference determined the "32 word policy for environmental protection", marking the beginning of China's environmental protection work and the birth of the environmental protection industry. In 1979, the environmental protection law (for Trial Implementation) established the basic policy of environmental protection and the policy of "Whoever pollutes, who governs", which carried out environmental protection from the perspective of legislation, and increased the driving force for the development of the environmental protection industry. The second National Conference on environmental protection held at the end of 1983 took environmental protection as a basic national policy of China. In addition, the system of laws, regulations and policies represented by the environmental protection law has been preliminarily established, which has laid a solid institutional foundation for the development of the environmental protection industry. Under the guidance of relevant environmental protection policies, the environmental protection industry market has been gradually established and developed. In 1988, the annual output value of China's environmental protection industry was 3.8 billion and the profit was 830 million

stage characteristics: the environmental protection industry is in a spontaneous and disordered state, the industrial market is narrow, the technology is backward, and the products are concentrated in the end treatment of "three wastes"; The environmental protection industry market established through the mandatory means of the government has developed passively under the command of the government

steady development stage: the first national environmental protection industry working conference was held in 1992, which determined the guiding ideology and basic direction of the development of China's environmental protection industry. In 1996, the decision on several issues of environmental protection proposed to vigorously promote the work of "one control and two standards". In order to meet the requirements of the new situation of environmental protection, the state has revised some environmental protection laws and regulations, and issued a number of environmental laws and regulations and environmental standards. In addition, the state has increased investment in environmental pollution control, and the development of China's environmental protection industry has entered the fast lane. By 2000, the annual sales revenue of China's environmental protection industry was 168.99 billion and the profit was 16.67 billion, an increase of about 43.5 times and 19.1 times respectively over 1988, and the industrial scale was significantly expanded

stage characteristics: the environmental protection industry has gradually expanded to environmental protection services such as environmental protection technology development, engineering design and construction, environmental consultation, comprehensive utilization of "three wastes" and natural ecological protection. The environmental protection market is driven by the combination of government guidance, enterprise self-development and adjustment, and the industry is beginning to take shape

rapid development stage: during the "Tenth Five Year Plan" period from 2001 to now, the state has taken a series of countermeasures to strengthen environmental protection, and the market-oriented mechanism has begun to enter the field of environmental protection. During the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period, the emission reduction of major environmental pollutants was included in the binding indicators. At the same time, relevant policies and regulations on pollution control and comprehensive utilization of resources were further formulated, and the energy conservation and environmental protection industry was listed as the first strategic emerging industry. Since the 12th Five Year Plan, the national environmental policy has continued to increase. At the same time, relevant laws and regulations and environmental standards have been further revised and improved, environmental law enforcement and supervision have been strengthened, and investment in environmental protection has been further increased. The "Research Report on market analysis and investment prospects of China's environmental protection industry in" released by Bosi data shows that the compound annual growth rate of China's environmental protection investment in was more than 20%. In 2011, the annual revenue of China's environmental protection industry was about 3.08 trillion and the profit was 2777.2. Compared with 2000, the overall scale of the industry was significantly further expanded

stage characteristics: the connotation of the environmental protection industry is constantly enriched, the field is further extended, and a comprehensive industry is gradually formed. At the same time, when the industrial structure is improper, the data is bent, and then the force value fluctuates up and down, the signal change is constantly adjusted and optimized. During this period, government guidance was still dominant, but the role of market mechanism in the development of environmental protection industry gradually emerged, and the marketization process of environmental protection industry was accelerating under the promotion of policies. Reviewing the development process of China's environmental protection industry, the organic combination of government macro-control and market mechanism, the improvement of environmental protection industry regulations and policies, the promotion of environmental protection industry technology innovation system, and the improvement of diversified investment and financing reform measures in the field of environmental protection industry are all historical experiences worth learning from for the current development of environmental protection industry

first, the organic combination of government macro-control and market mechanism is an important driving force to regulate the development of environmental protection industry. With the gradual improvement of the market economic system, the government should guide the environmental protection industry towards socialization, marketization, specialization and industrialization, and promote the continuous improvement of the development scale and level of the environmental protection industry

second, the improvement of regulations and policies is a strong support for the development of environmental protection industry. The development of a country's environmental protection industry is closely related to the perfection of its environmental laws and regulations. We should constantly improve the environmental protection industry